T its action by way of a number of mechanisms which includes prevention of chain initiation, chelating of transition metal ion catalysts, decomposition of peroxidases, prevention of continued hydrogen abstraction and radical scavenging [16].These deleterious effects of totally free radicals have drawn the attentions of scientists to the importance of antioxidants in prevention and therapy of diseases [17]. As a result, there has been rising interest in getting all-natural dietderived antioxidant to stop oxidative damage [18,19]. Therefore quite a few research happen to be carried out on natural sources to unravel the components which possess antioxidant properties and with low cytotoxicities [20]. Natural antioxidants are frequently far more desirable for consumption than the synthetic 1 including butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) which was reported to become carcinogenic to humans [21]. Recently, lots of research have been carried out around the antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds which have aroused increasing interest within the isolation of such compounds present inside the plants [22]. Cancer can be a genetic disease, which is primarily driven by genetic instability, including adjustments in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes which results in the expression of abnormal proteins involved in the stimulation of cell proliferation and survival [23,24]. A large body of evidences have shown that totally free radicals happen to be implicated inside the improvement of cancer in humans [25,26]. 1 example of the free of charge radicals, will be the hydroxyl radical which can cause genetic mutation by forming adduct with guanine to form hydroxylated bases of DNA (8 hydroxyl-2-deoxyguanosine) causing transversions of GC (guanine-cytosine) to TA (thymine-adenine) [27,28]. Epidemiologic research have also shown that cancer might be resulting from various variables for example exposure to environmental carcinogenic agents, way of life (tobacco and alcohol consumption), nutritional habit and infectious agents [29-32]. These aspects can initiate and market carcinogenesis which could progress to cancer. To the greatest of our expertise, there is absolutely no antioxidant and cytotoxic investigation on extracts of this species. Therefore, this paper reports the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities from the crude aqueous methanol and fractionated extracts in the rhizomes of Alpinia pahangensis and to establish the phenolic content material.1041026-70-3 uses This study also aims to correlate the phenolic content material on the crude and fractionated extracts with its antioxidant properties.Formula of Cryptand 2.2.2 The active extract was further subjected to gas chromatography ass spectrometry (GC-MS) evaluation for identification on the components present inside the extract.MethodsSample collectionThe rhizomes of Alpinia pahangensis were collected from Pahang, Malaysia.PMID:35954127 This species was authenticated by Professor Dr Halijah Ibrahim, from Faculty of Science, University of Malaya and a voucher specimen (No. KLU 46177) deposited inside the university herbarium.Phang et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013, 13:243 http://biomedcentral/1472-6882/13/Page 3 ofReagents and chemicalsButylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), ascorbic acid, FolinCiocalteu’s phenol reagent, -carotene, linoleic acid, Tween 80, gallic acid and two,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), potassium ferricyanide were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich. Methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate and trichloroacetic acid have been obtained from Merck. All solvents were bought in analytical grade.Human cell line and culture medium[33]. The crude methanolic extract, hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and po.